Vehicle Recalls Explained

What Is a Vehicle Recall?

A vehicle recall occurs when a manufacturer (or the NHTSA) determines that a car model has a safety-related defect or does not comply with federal safety standards. When this happens, the manufacturer is required to alert owners to the problem and usually offer a free repair.

Recalls can range from minor issues to serious safety concerns that could cause crashes, injuries, or fatalities. They are a crucial part of the automotive safety ecosystem, ensuring that vehicles remain safe throughout their operational life.

How the Recall Process Works

Identification Phase

Recalls begin when potential defects are identified through:

  • Manufacturer quality control
  • NHTSA investigations
  • Consumer complaints
  • Warranty data analysis
  • Accident reports
  • Dealer feedback

The NHTSA receives about 40,000 consumer complaints annually that can trigger investigations.

Evaluation & Decision

When a potential defect is identified:

  1. Manufacturers investigate the scope and severity
  2. Engineers determine if it poses a safety risk
  3. The problem is assessed for regulatory compliance
  4. Decision made whether a recall is necessary

Manufacturers can voluntarily initiate recalls, or NHTSA can order one if necessary.

Implementation

Once a recall is issued:

  1. Manufacturers file a public report with NHTSA
  2. VIN database is updated to reflect recalled vehicles
  3. Notification letters are sent to registered owners
  4. Dealerships prepare to perform repairs
  5. Public notices may appear in media

Manufacturers must notify owners within 60 days of notifying NHTSA about a recall.

Types of Vehicle Recalls

Safety Recalls

These address issues that pose risks to vehicle occupants or others on the road:

  • Mechanical Components: Brakes, steering, suspension, engines
  • Safety Systems: Airbags, seat belts, child restraints
  • Fire Hazards: Fuel system leaks, electrical shorts
  • Structural Issues: Frame integrity, roof strength
  • Control Systems: Acceleration, electronic stability control

Safety recalls are always provided at no cost to vehicle owners regardless of the vehicle's age.

Other Forms of Manufacturer Actions

Emissions Recalls

Address problems with emissions control systems that cause a vehicle to exceed pollution limits. These are typically mandated by the EPA rather than NHTSA.

Service Campaigns

Address non-safety problems that manufacturers offer to fix. These are often for quality or customer satisfaction issues rather than safety concerns.

Technical Service Bulletins (TSBs)

Manufacturer communications to dealers about common problems and repair procedures. These aren't recalls but can sometimes evolve into recalls if safety issues emerge.

Software Updates

Modern vehicles may receive software updates to fix operational issues, sometimes delivered remotely via over-the-air updates.

How to Check If Your Vehicle Has a Recall

Using Your VIN

The most accurate way to check for recalls is by using your Vehicle Identification Number (VIN):

  1. Find your 17-character VIN, typically located on:
    • Driver's side dashboard (visible through windshield)
    • Driver's side door jamb sticker
    • Vehicle registration documents
    • Insurance card or policy
  2. Visit the NHTSA recall website at NHTSA.gov/recalls
  3. Enter your VIN in the search field
  4. Review results showing all open recalls specific to your vehicle

The VIN search only shows open recalls that have not been completed on your specific vehicle.

Additional Methods

Manufacturer Websites

Most major automakers have dedicated recall lookup tools on their websites where you can enter your VIN for brand-specific information.

NHTSA SaferCar App

Download the free app that allows you to save your vehicle information and receive notifications about new recalls.

Email Alerts

Sign up for recall alerts from NHTSA to receive notifications about vehicles, tires, car seats, and other equipment.

Dealership Check

When visiting a dealership for service, they typically check for open recalls on your vehicle automatically.

Getting a Recall Repaired

Step 1: Receive and Review the Recall Notice

The recall notice will explain:

  • Description of the defect
  • Safety risk involved
  • Warning signs to watch for
  • What the manufacturer will do to fix it
  • Instructions for scheduling a repair
  • Who to contact with questions

Step 2: Contact an Authorized Dealership

Call your local authorized dealer to schedule an appointment for the recall repair. Some important points:

  • Recall repairs can only be performed by authorized dealerships
  • You don't have to return to the dealer where you purchased the vehicle
  • Any authorized dealer of the same brand must perform the recall repair
  • Some high-volume recalls may require scheduling weeks in advance

Step 3: Get the Repair Completed

What to bring:

  • The recall notice letter
  • Vehicle identification
  • Your ID and contact information

What to expect:

  • The repair is free of charge
  • Time required varies by repair type
  • Some dealers may offer loaner vehicles
  • You'll receive documentation of the completed recall

Important Timeline Information

Safety recalls have no expiration date. Manufacturers are obligated to repair safety defects for free regardless of the vehicle's age, though there are some limitations:

  • Tires typically have a 60-day window after the recall notification
  • For vehicles over 10 years old at the time of determination, manufacturers can petition to be released from repair obligation
  • If you paid for repairs that later became part of a recall, you might be eligible for reimbursement

Recall FAQs

What if my vehicle's recall parts aren't available yet?

Sometimes manufacturers issue recalls before replacement parts are ready. The dealer will notify you when parts become available. For serious safety issues, ask if a loaner vehicle is provided until your car can be repaired.

Are used cars covered by recalls?

Yes, safety recalls remain valid regardless of whether the vehicle is new, used, or even a second or third owner. The manufacturer is required to fix safety recalls on a vehicle no matter how many times it has changed hands.

Can I check for recalls before buying a used car?

Absolutely. Use the VIN of the vehicle you're considering to check for open recalls before purchase. If there are open recalls, verify whether they've been addressed or will be fixed before you take ownership.

What happens if I ignore a recall?

Ignoring safety recalls puts you, your passengers, and others on the road at risk. It may also affect your insurance coverage in the event of an accident related to the recalled issue, and can reduce your vehicle's resale value.

Can I still drive my car if it has a recall?

It depends on the severity of the issue. The recall notice should indicate whether continued operation is safe. For severe safety issues like faulty airbags or brake problems, manufacturers may advise against driving until repairs are made.

What if my dealer claims they can't fix a recall for free?

If a dealer refuses to repair a safety recall for free, contact the manufacturer directly. If that doesn't resolve the issue, file a complaint with NHTSA at 1-888-327-4236 or on their website.

Understanding Safety Ratings
Back to Learn